The research peptide library
24 long-form articles covering clinical trial data, receptor mechanisms, compound stability and 2026 sourcing. Cited and fact-checked. Reference only, not for human consumption.
KPV and the Melanocortin Anti-Inflammatory Pathway
KPV is the three residue tail of alpha-MSH. What the melanocortin system does, why a fragment retains anti-inflammatory activity without the pigmentation signalling, and how the research literature is structured.
Copper Complexes, Signal Peptides and Neuropeptide Analogues: Three Classes People Keep Confusing
GHK-Cu, AHK-Cu, Matrixyl and SNAP-8 are routinely lumped together as skin peptides. They work by three unrelated mechanisms, and the distinction changes what the literature can and cannot support.
Bioregulator Peptides: What the Khavinson Research Actually Claims
Cartalax, Epithalon, Vesugen and the rest of the short peptide bioregulators. Where they came from, what the proposed gene regulation mechanism says, and an honest reading of how strong the evidence is.
BPC-157 vs TB-500: Mechanisms Compared in Tissue Remodelling Research
Mechanistic comparison of BPC-157 and TB-500 as studied in published tissue remodelling literature. Research framing only.
China Peptide Supply Crisis 2026: Retatrutide Coming Back as BPC-157, DOA Notices and What Buyers Need to Know
A wave of mislabelled, substituted and contaminated peptide batches from Chinese contract manufacturers is hitting research suppliers across the UK, EU and US. We break down what is actually happening, why Retatrutide keeps coming back as BPC-157, and how to verify what you have.
FGF21: Fasting-Activated Metabolic Signalling and Cellular Senescence Research
Research overview of FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21): fasting-activated signalling, metabolic substrate handling, hepatic lipid biology and cellular senescence endpoints reported in animal models.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Semaglutide, Tirzepatide and Retatrutide Mechanisms
Receptor pharmacology of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon agonists and the endpoints reported across published clinical programmes. Research framing only.
Humanin: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Signalling and Neuroprotection Research
Research overview of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide linked to neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and cellular senescence. Mechanisms, animal data, and clinical relevance.
Mazdutide: a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, research overview
Research overview of mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677): oxyntomodulin-based dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor pharmacology, published clinical programme and citations. Laboratory research framing only.
Bimagrumab and Myostatin Pathway Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Trial Data
Research overview of myostatin pathway inhibitors including bimagrumab and apitegromab: activin receptor biology, lean mass endpoints reported in clinical trials, and development outlook.
Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Formulation Science and 2026 Pipeline
Oral GLP-1 formulation science, absorption enhancers and the 2026 development pipeline, including oral semaglutide and oral tirzepatide programmes.
Why Russia Is Ahead of the Game on Cognitive Peptides
Russia has approved multiple cognitive and neuroprotective peptide drugs while Western regulators remain cautious. A review of those approvals and the underlying literature.
Semaglutide: UK Regulatory Status and Published Trial Summary
UK regulatory status of semaglutide and a research-only summary of published mechanism, pharmacokinetics and clinical trial endpoints.
SS-31 (Elamipretide): Cardiolipin Binding and Mitochondrial Function Research
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that binds cardiolipin and is studied for electron transport chain efficiency in cardiac and rare-disease models.
Thymosin Alpha-1: The Immune Peptide Approved in 35+ Countries
Thymosin Alpha-1 is among the most clinically studied peptides, approved in multiple territories for hepatitis indications and investigated as an immune modulator.
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide: Head-to-Head Comparison (2026)
Mechanistic comparison of tirzepatide and semaglutide: receptor engagement, body-weight reduction endpoints reported in published trials, and adverse events recorded in those trials.
Retatrutide vs Tirzepatide: Efficacy, Mechanism and Availability (2026)
Mechanistic comparison of retatrutide (LY3437943) and tirzepatide: triple versus dual receptor engagement and body-weight reduction endpoints reported in published trials.
Eloralintide (LY3841136): Selective Amylin Agonist Research and Phase 2 Data
Eloralintide (LY3841136) is Eli Lilly's selective amylin receptor agonist studied in obesity research. Phase 2 endpoints, receptor mechanism and the ENLIGHTEN Phase 3 programme.
Bacteriostatic Water as a Diluent for Lyophilised Research Peptides
What bacteriostatic water is, why it is the standard diluent for reconstituting lyophilised research peptides, and how it differs from sterile water.
ARA-290 (cibinetide): innate repair receptor research overview
Research overview of ARA-290 (cibinetide): helix-B derivation from erythropoietin, innate repair receptor and CD131 signalling, and the published clinical programme with verified citations.
Sermorelin (GRF 1-29): growth hormone releasing hormone analogue research overview
Research overview of sermorelin (GRF 1-29): GHRH receptor pharmacology, the truncated 29-residue sequence, published reference literature and how it differs from tesamorelin.
How to Verify a Peptide COA
A practical workflow for checking a peptide certificate of analysis: laboratory identity, verification codes, sample identifiers, method detail and what the HPLC purity figure actually means.
Pen Cartridges: The Testing Nobody Asks About
When research peptide is supplied in a pen, compound purity is only half the question. What a container closure inspection tests, why each item matters, and why a peptide COA tells you none of it.
Why 10mg on the Label Is Not 10mg of Peptide
Lyophilised peptide is supplied as a salt with counter-ions and residual moisture, so gross vial contents and net peptide content are different numbers. What to ask a vendor, with real measured-versus-labelled results.